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Subjunctive mood
虚拟语气常用于表示：描述与事实相反的情况；不太可能发生的事情；提建议
If subordinate clause
| 虚拟时间维度 | If subordinate clause（条件）时态 | Main clause（结果）时态 | eg. |
|---|---|---|---|
| present | (simple past tense)were /v.原形 | would/should/could/might + do | If I were you, I would study harder. (事实上我不是你) |
| past | (past perfect tense)had done | would/should/could/might +have done | If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have failed. (事实上去年没听，已经挂了) |
| future | v-ed/ were to do/ should do | would/should/could/might + do | If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay home. (明天大概率不下雨) |
If错综条件句
主从句各自对应不同时间维度，并对相应的维度进行虚拟，从句（条件）过去，主句（结果）现在
eg.
-
- If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be fine now. (昨天没吃药，导致现在难受)
- 2.If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a long queue now.
wish/as if/if only
愿望永远后退一步，时态倒退法
| 情况 | 从句谓语形式 | eg. |
|---|---|---|
| 现在无法实现的愿望 | 过去时 (did/were) | I wish I were taller. |
| 过去无法改变的遗憾 | 过去完成时 (had done) | If only I had studied harder. |
| 将来不太可能的奢望 | would/could/might + do | I wish it would stop raining. |
- eg. He treats me as if I were a stranger.
(should) do in noun clauses
凡是看到以下表坚持、命令、建议、要求， that 从句谓语用 (should) + do。
insist，order, command，advise, suggest, recommend，propose, ask, demand, require, request
eg. The doctor suggested that he (should) give up smoking.
suggest 表示暗示、表明时，不用虚拟！
eg. Her pale face suggests that she is ill. (真实情况，用陈述语气)
It is +adj./n.+that ，从句谓语用 （should）+do
-
- 必须/应该做…，主观，必要的重要的
-
essential, important, necessary, vital, strange, advisable
eg. It is essential that he (should) be punctual. (他必须守时)
-
- 竟然… ，客观，情绪/评价，惊讶、意外、怀疑、惋惜
-
strange, surprising, astonishing, amazing,a pity, a shame, regrettable,disappointing
eg. It is strange that he (should) know nothing about it.
Special cases
| 句式 | 谓语要求 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| It is (high) time that…该做… | did / should do (不能用 would) | It’s high time we went to bed. |
| Would rather that…宁愿 | 现在/将来用 did；过去用 had done** | I’d rather you hadn’t told him the truth. |
| Without / But for…要不是… | 主句用 would/could have done | But for your help, I would have failed. |
Inversion and Ellipsis
- If 虚拟条件句的倒装
省略 If，将 Were / Had / Should提至句首。
- 原句：If I were you, …
- 倒装：Were I you, …
- 原句：If I had known, …
- 倒装：Had I known, I would have told you.
2. 含蓄虚拟
不用 If 从句，用逻辑词暗示虚拟条件。
事实（陈述语气）+otherwise+结果（虚拟语气）
- eg. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have attended the meeting. (Otherwise = If I hadn’t been ill)
Subjunctive mood
https://fishlet.top/posts/subjunctive-mood/